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Food inflammation index and risks of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among individuals with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: a nationally representative cohort study from NHANES 1999–2018

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-56498-2

Published Online: 2026-06-04

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Li, Guanhua

Yu, Qian

Zhou, Donglai
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-06-04

Accepted Manuscript valid from 2026-06-04
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Article History

Received: 31 March 2026

Accepted: 1 June 2026

First Online: 4 June 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The data utilized in this study were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), which has been approved by the Research Ethics Review Board of the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). All participants provided written informed consent prior to participation.

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