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Authors
Ying, Luqi
Zhang, Zhiwei
Sun, Xin
Wang, Xingcha
Zhou, Yingping
Zhao, Luwen
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Hebei Provincial Medical Research and Enterprise Joint Innovation Special Project Plan (LH20250145)
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Article History
Received: 11 February 2026
Accepted: 2 June 2026
First Online: 8 June 2026
Declarations
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Ethical approval: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University (No. CYFYLL2022424). Due to the retrospective nature of this study, requirement for informed consent was waived by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University.
Consent for publication: Not Applicable.
Clinical trial number: Not applicable (non-interventional study).
