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Article History

Received: 5 March 2026

Accepted: 4 June 2026

First Online: 26 June 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This research protocol was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Weifang People’s Hospital (Ethics Approval Number: KYLL20241008-11). All research subjects signed informed consent forms.

: Anti-Fluorescence Decay Mounting Medium ( S2100, Solarbio, China); ATP Content Assay Kit ( ADS-W-A007, Adsbio, China); Closed-system goat serum ( SL038, Solarbio, China); Concentrated sulfuric acid ( 10021628, China National Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, China); DRP1 Ab ( A20125, Nature Biosciences, China); DAB staining solution ( AFIHC004, Aifang biological, China); DAPI solution ( C0065, Solarbio, China); Diagnostic Kit for PlGF(CLIA) ( 20212401700, Kangrun Biotech, China); Diagnostic Kit for sFlt−1(CLIA) (20212401703, Kangrun Biotech, China); Hematoxylin and Eosin Staining Kit ( G1120, Solarbio, China); MFN1 Ab ( DF7543, Affinity, England); MFN2 Ab (DF8106, Affinity, England); Neutral rubber (AR0038, Boster, China); PBS Buffer (AR0030, Boster, China); Phospho-DRP1 (Ser616) Ab ( AF8470, Affinity, England); Polymer-HRP Goat Anti-Rabbit Secondary Antibody Kit (AFIHC003, Aifang biological, China); ROS fluorescent probe DHE ( D1008, UElandy, China); Sodium Citrate Antigen Retrieval Solution ( AR0024, Boster, China); Triton X−100 ( BS084, Biosharp, China ); TUNEL Apoptosis Assay Kit ( T6013, UElandy, China).