Wang, Hao
Dao, Qing
Li, Xiaomei
Shi, Meng
Yang, Meili
Gu, Cui
Wang, Jihua
Article History
Received: 19 June 2025
Accepted: 4 June 2026
First Online: 12 June 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was based on the MIMIC-IV database, a publicly available de-identified dataset. The project was approved by the Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. The requirement for informed consent was waived.