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Authors
Zhang, Junyu
Luo, Yan
Zhu, Weiyi
Xu, Yiqiong
Huang, Yanhua
Wang, Hongwei
Du, Yuanyuan
Zhang, Yuhao
Tao, Lei
Wang, Caifeng
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
2022 High-level Local University Construction Project - Nursing Discipline - High-level Specialized Nursing Base Construction Project
The 2024 Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Nursing Research Project (No. : Jyhz2403)
The 2024 Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Nursing Research Project (No. : Jyhz2403)
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Article History
Received: 20 August 2025
Accepted: 5 June 2026
First Online: 10 June 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All procedures were performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. Ethical approval for this study was granted by the Clinical Research Management Committee of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine [(Ruijin Hospital Ethics Committee: (2024) Proceedings No. (476)); President of the ethics committee: Yufang Bi; Date: 2024/11/14]. Prior to participation, informed consent was obtained from all respondents. The study was carried out in accordance with the applicable guidelines and regulations.
