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Authors
Turikumwe, Sylvie
Nyampinga, Dyna
Dukundane, Alexandre
Turatsinze, Simeon
Mukantagengwa, Marie Paul
Rwabihama, Jean Paul
Bitunguhari, Leopold
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Article History
Received: 15 October 2025
Accepted: 5 June 2026
First Online: 11 June 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This research was conducted by respecting ethical standards according to the Declaration of Helsinki (1964). The permission to conduct this study was obtained from the research and ethics committee of university of Rwanda [CMHS/IRB/129/2019] and University Teaching Hospital of Kigali [EC/CHUK/085/2019] and Institutional review board (IRB) [139/CMHS IRB/2019]. Data collectors out of health facilities of interest were trained on study participants’ rights, confidentiality and ethical norms. Written informed consents were obtained from all study participants before starting the interview, and data were anonymously collected. For participants aged below 18 years, informed consent was obtained from a parent and/or legal guardian in addition to the participant’s own assent. The privacy and confidentiality of the study participants were ensured throughout and after the study. No benefits for study participants. Study participants were informed that there was no risk of withdrawal from the study.
