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Causal inference-integrated temporal graph convolutional networks for dynamic prediction and optimization of enterprise total factor productivity

Published Online: 2026-06-12

Authors

Fu, Gaoyuan
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-06-12

Accepted Manuscript valid from 2026-06-12
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Article History

Received: 4 February 2026

Accepted: 8 June 2026

First Online: 12 June 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Zhengzhou Business University (Reference Number: IRB-2024-ZBU0037). As this research utilized publicly available secondary data from the China Industrial Enterprises Database without direct human participant involvement, individual consent was not required. The study was conducted in accordance with relevant institutional and national guidelines for research ethics.

: The author has reviewed the manuscript and consents to its publication. No identifiable information regarding individuals has been included.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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