Subhadra, Bindu
Gandhi, Neeti
Cao, Dianjun
Lee, Yue-Jia
Rajagopalan, Padmavathy
Inzana, Thomas J.
Funding for this research was provided by:
Computational Tissue Engineering Interdisciplinary Graduate Education Program
National Science Foundation (2200045, 24112389)
Institute for Critical Technologies and Applied Science, Virginia Tech
National Institute of Food and Agriculture (2019-67015-29916)
Article History
Received: 27 March 2026
Accepted: 9 June 2026
First Online: 25 June 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Bovine turbinate epithelial cells and bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells were obtained commercially from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA, USA). Rat tails were commercially obtained from BioIVT (Woodbury, New York, USA). No animals were directly used in these studies.