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Authors
Sato, Naoki
Okami, Suguru
Yoshikawa-Ryan, Kanae
Yamashita, Satoshi
Kobayashi, Ryohei
Arita, Yoshifumi
Kim, Seok-Won
Knapp, Rachel
Holl, Katsiaryna
Fonarow, Gregg C.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Pharmaceuticals Bayer
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Article History
Received: 26 February 2026
Accepted: 10 June 2026
First Online: 13 June 2026
Declarations
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: NS reports remuneration for lectures: Otsuka, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Heart Organization. SO, KYR, SY, RK (Rachel Knapp), and KH are employed by Bayer. RK (Ryohei Kobayashi), YA, SWK are employed by IQVIA. GCF reports consulting for Abbott, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Cytokinetics, Eli Lilly, Johnson & Johnson, Medtronic, Merck, Novartis, and Pfizer.
: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was waived, since the study utilized only anonymized and de-identified data. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by an independent ethics committee in the specified nonprofit organization, MINS (MINS-REC-250203).
