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Authors
Kouam, Eric Bertrand
Ngompe Deffo, Toscani
Djoufack Tonfack, Maxime Merlin
Fotso Ngangoua, Moise Harnold
Kuete Fokou, Rogil
Djabou Mouafi, Astride Stéphanie
Anoumaa, Mariette
Mandou, Marie Solange
Pasquet, Remy Stephane
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Article History
Received: 4 February 2026
Accepted: 12 June 2026
First Online: 15 June 2026
Declaratins
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The research protocol was approved by the Regional Ethics Committee of Research for Human Health, a public structure of the Ministry of Public Health in the western region of Cameroon with approval number N o 97/26/02/2025/CE/CRERSH-OU/VP. All experiments were performed in accordance with relevant named guidelines and regulations.
: Before conducting the interview, a verbal consent agreement approved by the Regional Ethics Committee of Research for Human Health was obtained from each voluntary interviewee by the research team comprising students and two agronomists from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. Written consent was waived by the committee because of the status of illiteracy of most of the farmers interviewed. These interviewees were therefore provided verbally with detailed information about the study and face-to-face interviews were then conducted in order to facilitate effective understanding. Explanations and clarifications when required were provided by the research team.
