Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Muhammad, Shaib https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4030-5362
Almani, Khalida Faryal
Mughal, Ubed-ur-Rehman
Ishaqui, Azfar Athar
Khaskheli, Muhammad Saleh
Sultana, Razia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5247-6794
Qureshi, Ali
Alam, Shoaib
Kumar, Narendar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2648-3915
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 22 March 2026
Accepted: 22 June 2026
First Online: 27 June 2026
Declarations
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Ethical approval: Ethical approval for the study, as referenced in No. ORIC/SU/1484 was obtained from the Institutional Bioethics Committee of the University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan. Informed, written, and volunteer approval was received from the office of the Medical Superintendent, PMCH, and communicated to all the department heads (Reference No. PMCHN/SBA11017/30).
Consent to participate: Consent from the participants was obtained, and all methods were carried out in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations, including the Declaration of Helsinki (last updated at the 75 th WMA General Assembly, Helsinki, Finland, October 2024). Participants were duly informed of their voluntary involvement in the research study, and their informed consent was documented with a signature on a proforma. In cases where the patient was unconscious or a child, consent was obtained from the attendant. Each patient’s identification was encoded to maintain data confidentiality.
<b>AI use</b>: The authors used Grammarly for English language editing, grammar correction, and proofreading of the manuscript.
