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Authors
Espinosa, Oscar https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4893-0509
Bejarano, Valeria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8975-2641
Rojas, Felipe https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9063-8475
Pagali, Sandeep https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0838-1026
Weiss, Jordan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0392-3535
Buitrago, Giancarlo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7466-8244
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Article History
Received: 5 November 2025
Accepted: 22 June 2026
First Online: 25 June 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia (approval letter number 012–121/2020), in accordance with institutional and national ethical guidelines. All data were anonymized by the Ministry of Health and Social Protection prior to access and analysis. The requirement for informed consent was waived by the Ethics Committee due to the use of fully anonymized secondary data. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.
