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Authors
Leelataweewud, Pattarawadee https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6423-7010
Choonhawarakorn, Kitiwadee
Kasemkhun, Pornpailin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4205-3090
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Mahidol University Faculty of Dentistry Grant (DTRS-EG-2023-01)
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Article History
Received: 20 February 2026
Accepted: 23 June 2026
First Online: 9 July 2026
Declarations
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Ethics declarations: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Institutional Review Boards (IRB) of the Faculty of Dentistry and Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University (MU-DT/PY-IRB 2022/042.2608), Samut Prakan Hospital (No.Equation 04165), and Chaophraya Abhaiphubejhr Hospital (No. IRB-BHUBEJHR-199). Written informed consent was obtained from all parents or legal guardians of participating children.
