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Authors
Yamani, Hend Z. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9423-5008
Hesham, Khaled
Tawakkol, Shereen M.
Hussein, Lobna A.
Fahmy, Nesma M.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ain Shams University
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Article History
Received: 25 March 2026
Accepted: 23 June 2026
First Online: 6 July 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Not applicable. This study utilized commercially available, de-identified human plasma obtained from VACSERA (Giza, Egypt). As the samples were anonymized and no direct human participation was involved, ethical approval and informed consent were not required.
: During the preparation of this work, the authors used Gemini Pro to assist in performing greenness and whiteness assessments of the developed method.
