Bimal, G. C.
Ojha, Indra
Joshi, Soniya
Briksha, G. C.
Rosyara, Yagya Raj
Ojha, Anil
Joshi, Pusp Raj
Pant, Hem Raj
Saud, Prem Singh
Article History
Received: 12 February 2026
Accepted: 24 June 2026
First Online: 4 July 2026
Declarations
:
: Regarding the current publication, the authors declare no competing interests.
: The study was carried out in accordance with Far Western University’s institutional procedures. J. adhatoda is not included in any endangered species list or the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. The Plant Protection Act and the International Plant Protection Convention were followed, and no endangered plant species were harmed or disturbed during this study. Since the study was carried out in Sudurpaschim, it met with all applicable state and federal laws. For the cell-based investigations, all methods were carried out in compliance with normal cell culture safety protocols and international ethical standards for in vitro research, and the use of established human cancer cell lines (A549 and HeLa) complied with institutional biosafety requirements. No human participants or animals were involved in this study.