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Authors
Bouyo, Tchilabalo
Koukoura, Komi Komi
Salifou, Sandrine Tènè
Pissang, Passimna
Kpoezou, Kossi
Dossouvi, Komla Mawunyo
Hoekou, Yao
Gbati, Luckman https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9301-632X
Bidjada, Bawimodom
Sadji, Adodo Yao
Godonou, Amivi Mawussi
Kpatagnon, Jules Koffi
Bonsa, Nawa Sandja
Koffi-Agowu, Jean-jacques
Issa, Kholy Djamal
Nogales, Alba Rodriguez
Tchacondo, Tchadjobo
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Article History
Received: 25 March 2026
Accepted: 25 June 2026
First Online: 30 June 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was approved by the National Committee for Health Research Ethics of Togo (reference no. 036/2024/CRBS, dated 4 July 2024). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants or their legal guardians prior to sample collection. Clinical data were handled with strict confidentiality and anonymization in accordance with established ethical principles and relevant regulations. All samples were collected as part of routine clinical care, and all necessary administrative authorizations were obtained from each participating laboratory facility prior to sample collection and data utilization. All procedures were conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant national guidelines.
