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Authors
Naya-Català, Fernando
Gasperini, Alice
Carbonero-Acín, Beatriz
Calduch-Giner, Josep
Belenguer, Álvaro
Pérez-Sánchez, Jaume
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas
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Article History
Received: 2 April 2026
Accepted: 29 June 2026
First Online: 9 July 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The animal study protocol was approved by the Ethics and Animal Welfare Committee of the Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (IATS, CSIC), CSIC Ethics Committee (permissions 1295/2022, 1612/2024 and 1793/2024) and Generalitat Valenciana (permissions 2022-VSC-PEA-0230, 2024-VSC-PEA-0007 and 2025-VSC-PEA-004). They were carried out in the IATS’s registered aquaculture infrastructure facility (code ES120330001055) in accordance with the principles published in the European Animal Directive (2010/63/EU) and Spanish laws (Royal Decree RD53/2013) for the protection of animals used in scientific experiments.
