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Authors
Yan, Zhigao
Tian, Huanlong
Zhou, Xiaolin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Philosophy and Social Science Research Foundation of Jiangsu Universities (2025SJYB1104)
Suzhou Sports Bureau (TY2025-108)
Jiangsu “Qinglan Engineering” Programme
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Article History
Received: 4 May 2026
Accepted: 30 June 2026
First Online: 7 July 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study is a secondary analysis of a publicly available dataset released under the CC0 1.0 Public Domain Dedication. The dataset contains no personally identifying information; only anonymised internal subject codes (TKD001–TKD320) are retained. Accordingly, no additional ethics committee approval or informed consent was required from the present authors. According to the dataset documentation, the original data collection was approved by the institutional Sport-Science Ethics Committee in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and all participants (or their guardians, for minors) provided written informed consent prior to participation; as a secondary analysis, the present authors were not able to independently verify the original collection procedures.
