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Authors
Rodríguez-Gutiérrez, Rocío https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6573-2894
Paz-Cortés, Marta M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3652-1863
Serrano-Velasco, Diego https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5008-1054
Cervera, Alberto https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4117-2805
Cervera, Isabel
Rodríguez, Luis Miguel Pérez https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8019-765X
Aragoneses, Juan Manuel https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0187-4992
Martín-Vacas, Andrea https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0489-2256
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Article History
Received: 26 March 2026
Accepted: 30 June 2026
First Online: 16 July 2026
Declarations
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: Authors I.C and A.C. are part are part of the management team of D.M.CEOSA, where the some of the orthodontic appliances analyzed in this study were developed and/or tested. The authors declare that the study was conducted with full scientific rigor and independence, and that the design, data collection, analysis, and interpretation were carried out objectively and without undue personal or financial influence from the company.
: As this study was conducted entirely in vitro and did not involve human participants, biological samples, or animal experimentation, formal ethical approval was not required in accordance with institutional and international research guidelines.
