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Authors
Abdul Wahid, Abdul Hakim
Abdul Manaf, Zahara
Hamzaid, Nur Hana
Abdul Hamid, Haslina
Sutan, Rosnah
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Article History
Received: 23 February 2026
Accepted: 1 July 2026
First Online: 8 July 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained by the Medical Research and Ethics Committee (MREC) of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia with the code of JEP-2024-778. Permission to conduct the study was also obtained from the relevant preschool authorities prior to data collection.
: Written informed consent was obtained from all caregivers/parents of participating preschool children prior to data collection.
