Liu, Jianwen
Zou, Haochen
Huang, Mengze
Zhuang, Chengjun
Hu, Yitong
Wang, Zhanyu
Wang, Lingyu https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0493-4968
Yao, Jihong https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5940-9167
Zhang, Feng https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7774-4204
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province (2021-MS-276)
Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province (2019-MS-089)
Dalian Science and Technology Talents Innovation Support Program (2022RJ20)
Article History
Received: 30 January 2026
Accepted: 1 July 2026
First Online: 6 July 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All animal experimental protocols were approved by the Animal Welfare Ethics Committee of Dalian Medical University (Approval No. 202003-01). Surgical procedures conducted on C57BL/6 mice in this study complied strictly with institutional animal care regulations. The design and reporting of this research fully follow the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines. We adhered to the 3Rs principles (Replacement, Reduction, Refinement) throughout the animal experiments to lower animal usage and lessen their pain during procedures.