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Authors
Niu, Yongquan
Chen, Feiyu
Wu, Runzhe
Liu, Mengting
Deng, Siqi
Wang, Congying
Jiang, Haodong
Zhu, Jia
Jin, Yunpeng https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4242-7072
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Article History
Received: 11 November 2025
Accepted: 2 July 2026
First Online: 7 July 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study strictly adhered to the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical authorization for this research (IRB00001052-11015) was issued by Peking University’s Ethics Oversight Committee, with full informed consent obtained via standardized participant agreement forms.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable. Our investigation leveraged data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, a dataset that has undergone rigorous ethical review and remains openly accessible to researchers worldwide. The clinical trial number is not applicable.
