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Authors
Fu, Chia-Po
Liu, Wei-Ju
Lee, Chia-Lin
Lin, Shih-Yi
Huang, Hsin-Kai
Wang, Jun-Sing
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Taichung Veterans General Hospital (TCVGH-NCHU1087606)
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Article History
Received: 27 March 2026
Accepted: 3 July 2026
First Online: 7 July 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study utilized de-identified publicly available data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The NHANES protocol was approved by the National Center for Health Statistics Research Ethics Review Board, and all participants provided written informed consent. This analysis involved only de-identified secondary data. Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of Taichung Veterans General Hospital.
