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Article History

Received: 30 November 2025

Accepted: 3 July 2026

First Online: 15 July 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University (approval No.: 2007-0513-19), and written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to enrolment. This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.

Consent for publication: Not applicable.

Competing interests: NO has received research support or speaker honoraria from, or has served as a joint researcher with, or a consultant to, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Viatris Inc., Eisai Co., Ltd., The KAITEKI Institute, Inc., Ricoh Co., Ltd., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Co.; reports personal fees/grants from Eli Lilly, DAIICHI SANKYO, TSUMURA, Takeda, Mochida, Meiji Seika Pharma, EA Pharma, Viatris, Ricoh, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim, Lundbeck Japan, Nihon Medi-Physics, Nippon Chemiphar, outside the submitted work. The other authors report no other conflicts of interest in regard to this work.