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Authors
Nishi, Hiromi
Horikoshi, Susumu
Sasada, Shinsuke
Kuwabara, Yuki
Ohta, Kouji
Shigeishi, Hideo
Yoshioka, Yukio
Konishi, Masaru
Yoshida, Marino
Yoshimoto, Tetsuya
Yano, Kanako
Nakaoka, Miyuki
Shigematsu, Hideo
Tanimoto, Kotaro
Kakimoto, Naoya
Ohge, Hiroki
Kawaguchi, Hiroyuki
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (18K09880)
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Article History
Received: 3 May 2026
Accepted: 7 July 2026
First Online: 11 July 2026
Declarations
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: BioGaia provided the L. reuteri lozenges free of charge; however, none of the authors received research funding, honoraria, lecture fees, consulting fees, or any other payments from the company. The authors have no other conflicts of interest related to this study to declare.
: This study was approved by the Hiroshima University Certified Review Board (approval number: CRB2020-2005). Informed consent procedures were performed in accordance with the institutional ethical guidelines and the Declaration of Helsinki. Personal information was anonymized and managed appropriately. The study was explained to all participants using written information, and written informed consent was obtained. This trial was registered in the Japan Registry of Clinical Trials (jRCT; registration number: jRCTs061210028) on August 3, 2021.
