Giraud, Gwennan T. L.
O’Malley, Theo D. R.
Reeves, Jonathan S.
Tan, Amanda
Sosa, Sebastian
Malaivijitnond, Suchinda
Luncz, Lydia V.
Funding for this research was provided by:
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
Article History
Received: 18 February 2026
Accepted: 7 July 2026
First Online: 1 August 2026
Declarations
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Ethical approval: Research conducted in the Kingdom of Thailand and Khao Sam Roi Yot National Park (Project 2314) was authorized by the National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT) and the Department of National Parks, Wildlife, and Plant Conservation (DNP). All research protocols were reviewed and approved by the Nanyang Technological University (NTU) Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (ARF SBS/NIE-A 0210 AZ). All data were collected through non-invasive observations only, ensuring that the study population of long-tailed macaques experienced no disturbance or direct interaction with the researchers.