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Authors
Behmüller, Friederike
Bastian, Tatiana Maria
Selpien, Helene
Eimer, Christine
Weiler, Norbert
Schädler, Dirk
Bellani, Giacomo
Becher, Tobias
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein - Campus Kiel
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Article History
Received: 1 April 2026
Accepted: 8 July 2026
First Online: 16 July 2026
Ethics
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Ethical approval: The study was approved by the ethics committee of Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany (Ethikkommission der Medizinischen Fakultät der Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel; Approval No. D573/21). As all ventilatory maneuvers were part of routine clinical care and no study-specific procedures were applied, the ethics committee approved the study without the requirement for study-specific informed consent. All patients or their legal guardians provided written informed consent for the use and publication of their clinical data for research purposes. The study was carried out in accordance with all relevant guidelines and regulations.
Use of artificial intelligence tools: During manuscript preparation, a large language model was used to assist with language refinement and structural editing. All scientific content, analyses, interpretations, and conclusions were independently developed, verified, and approved by the authors.
