Monecke, Stefan
Müller, Elke
Kirkliauskienė, Agnė
Schneider, Lilian J. B.
Bratchikov, Maksim
Braun, Sascha D.
Diezel, Celia
Frankenfeld, Katrin
Miciulevičienė, Jolanta
Reinicke, Martin
Rüttinger, Lukas
Vizujė, Greta
Söffing, Hans-Hermann
Ehricht, Ralf
Funding for this research was provided by:
Leibniz-Institut für Photonische Technologien e.V.
Article History
Received: 23 March 2026
Accepted: 8 July 2026
First Online: 18 July 2026
Declarations
Competing interests: Katrin Frankenfeld is employee of fzmb/INTER-ARRAY; Lukas Rüttinger and Hans-Herman Söffing are employees of Senova, Weimar, Germany. The other authors have no financial or non-financial interests to disclose. A preliminary analysis of the LFA and microarray datasets was presented as poster at the annual conference of the German Society for Microbiology and Hygiene in Jena, 2025.
Ethics statement: All procedures were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Vilnius Regional Biomedical Ethics Review Board (approval numbers 158200-17-969-481, 158200-15-784-300, and 2025/11-1681-1159). Isolates from hospitalised patients originated from routine diagnostic procedures and no samples were taken for study purposes alone. Samples from healthy volunteers were taken after informed consent was given.