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Authors
Yang, Shuo
Ren, Zhihao
Li, Yiran
Zhao, Zihang
Sun, Changsheng
Liu, Lin
Jin, Lin
Wang, Tao
Hou, Zhiyong
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Article History
Received: 4 March 2026
Accepted: 8 July 2026
First Online: 13 July 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was a secondary analysis of two publicly available, de-identified critical care databases (MIMIC-IV and eICU-CRD) hosted on PhysioNet. The Ethics Committee of the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University determined that the analysis of de-identified data was exempt from institutional ethics review, and the requirement for informed consent was waived.
