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Authors
Aftab, Hafiza Tooba
Rashid, Arsala
Jha, Anurag
Saddique, Muhammad Nabeel https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9490-5365
Jibril, Nada S.
Lone, Ayyaz
Naveed, Muhammad Asif
Rafiq, Humera
Mahmood, Namra
Moazzam, Shumaila
Mehdi, Nosheen
Iqbal, Maimoona
Pannu, Furqan Yaqub
Usman, Muhammad
Bashir, Faiza
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Article History
Received: 4 March 2026
Accepted: 9 July 2026
First Online: 6 August 2026
Ethics
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Use of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies: Claude (Sonnet 4.5) was used solely for improving the grammar, readability, and clarity of the manuscript. No AI tools were used for data analysis, interpretation, or generation of scientific content. All intellectual content and scientific conclusions were formulated by the authors.
Ethics approval: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of King Edward Medical University, Lahore (Approval No. 473/RC/KEMU). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to enrollment.
