Funding for this research was provided by:
the Clinical Medicine Research Pilot Project of the First People’s Hospital of Foshan (YSXM202508916)
the Foshan City Government-Directed Research Initiative (C20240022)
Article History
Received: 5 March 2026
Accepted: 10 July 2026
First Online: 23 July 2026
Declarations
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Ethics: The research protocol for this retrospective study using a de-identified database was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. The requirement for informed consent was waived in accordance with the US Code of Federal Regulations and institutional guidelines.
Consent for publication: All authors have reviewed and approved the manuscript for publication.