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Authors
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Brazilian Biodivesity Fund
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico , Brasil (150585/2025-0)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (402806/2023-9; 301720/2025-8)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (CBB-BPD-00316-22; APQ-00192-24)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Finance Code 001)
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Article History
Received: 19 May 2026
Accepted: 13 July 2026
First Online: 27 July 2026
Declarations
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Ethical approval: This study involved the use of stingless bees (insects), which do not require formal approval from an animal ethics committee under Brazilian legislation (Lei Arouca nº 11.794/2008). However, all research was conducted in strict accordance with Brazilian environmental laws. Sample collection was authorized by the Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio) through the SISBIO Permit #90541-1, which specifically accounts for the conservation status of the endangered species Melipona capixaba . No human participants, human data, or human tissues were involved in this study.
