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Authors
Erkihun, Mulat https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8149-4100
Berhan, Ayenew
Sharew, Bekele
Kiros, Teklehaimanot
Asmare, Zelalem
Assefa, Ayenew
Damtie, Shewaneh
Almaw, Andargachew
Abeje, Getu
Malkamu, Birhanemaskal
Yazie, Taklo Simeneh
Worku, Seble
Tegegne, Dessie
Mamo, Yohanis
Tiruneh, Tegenaw
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Article History
Received: 4 February 2026
Accepted: 13 July 2026
First Online: 14 August 2026
Declarations
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Ethical approval: Ethical clearance was obtained from the Research and Ethical Review Committee of the College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, with reference number: CHS/RCC/212/17. Since the study involved retrospective review of routinely collected, anonymized clinical and laboratory records and posed no more than minimal risk to participants, the Institutional Review Board waived (IRB) the requirement for obtaining informed consent, including parental or legal guardian consent for participants younger than 18 years of age. The study did not collect or include any identifiable personal information or images. Additionally, permission to conduct the study was obtained from respective Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals. Generally, all methods were carried out in compliance with ethical standards, as specified in the Declaration of Helsinki.
