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Authors
Ibrahim, Ashraf Ragab https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6251-4864
Nemt-allah, Mohamed Ali https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0908-4648
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Al-Azhar University
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Article History
Received: 29 August 2025
Accepted: 14 July 2026
First Online: 22 July 2026
Declarations
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Ethical approval: The study protocol was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Education at Al-Azhar University, Dakahlia, Egypt (Ref. No. EDU-REC-2024-0310). All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
Consent to participate: Written informed consent was obtained from all student participants aged 18 years and above. For participants under 18 years of age, written informed consent was obtained from parents/legal guardians, and written assent was obtained from the minor participants themselves.
