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Authors
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Qi-Hang Foundation (2020QH1063)
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Article History
Received: 4 November 2025
Accepted: 15 July 2026
First Online: 21 July 2026
Declarations
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
<b>Ethical statement and waiver of informed consent</b>: This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The research protocol was approved by the Branch for Medical Research and Clinical Technology Application, Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University in January 2020 (Approval No.: MRCTA, ECFAH of FMU [2020] 004), which waived the requirement for informed consent for this retrospective study using fully de-identified data.
