Alrashidi, Nojoud Abdullah
Sankarapandian, Chandrakala
Almutairi, Abdulrahman Sulaim
Dominguez, Allen Joshua
Saguban, Reynita
Villareal, Sandro
Mohsen, Maysa M
Abdelmaksoud, Sahar Hamdi El Sayed
Hashim, Sahar Mahmoud Abdulla
Gonzales, Analita
Lagura, Grace Ann
Gutierrez, Jeneth
Alatawi, Nuha Ayad H
Alkubati, Sameer A
Rondilla, Evalynn
Funding for this research was provided by:
Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University
Article History
Received: 27 June 2026
Accepted: 15 July 2026
First Online: 23 July 2026
Declarations
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Ethics approval and consent to participate: Ethical approval of this study was obtained from the Institutional Ethical and Review Board of Hail Health Cluster (H-2025-10). The study adhered to the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was obtained from the ED nurses who participated in the study, and online participation was obtained after they agreed to participate in the study.