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Authors
Zohair, Rabia
Janson, Karina
Siehl, Sebastian
Bokde, Arun L. W.
Desrivières, Sylvane
Garavan, Hugh
Gowland, Penny
Grigis, Antoine
Heinz, Andreas
Martinot, Jean-Luc
Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillère
Artiges, Eric
Orfanos, Dimitri Papadopoulos
Paus, Tomáš
Poustka, Luise
Smolka, Michael N.
Holz, Nathalie E.
Vaidya, Nilakshi
Walter, Henrik
Whelan, Robert
Schumann, Gunter
Banaschewski, Tobias
Flor, Herta
Reis, Olaf
Schwarz, Emanuel
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Jia, Tianye
Barker, Gareth J.
Bokde, Arun L. W.
Brühl, Rüdiger
Hohmann, Sarah
Millenet, Sabina
Fröhner, Juliane H.
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Guldner, Stella
Prignitz, Maren
Wandinger, Elisa
Fröhlich, Antonia
Kocak, Ersoy
Borzikowsky, Christoph
Nees, Frauke
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
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Article History
Received: 14 January 2026
Accepted: 20 July 2026
First Online: 14 August 2026
Declarations
Competing interests: Dr Banaschewski served in an advisory or consultancy role for Lundbeck, Medice, Neurim Pharmaceuticals, Oberberg GmbH, Shire. He received conference support or speaker’s fee by Lilly, Medice, Novartis and Shire. He has been involved in clinical trials conducted by Shire & Viforpharma. He received royalties from Hogrefe, Kohlhammer, CIP Medien, Oxford University Press. The present work is unrelated to the above grants and relationships. Dr Poustka served in an advisory or consultancy role for Roche and Viforpharm and received speaker’s fee by Shire. She received royalties from Hogrefe, Kohlhammer and Schattauer. The present work is unrelated to the above grants and relationships. The other authors report no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest.
Transparency declaration: We, the authors and co-authors, declare that this work is an honest, accurate, and transparent account of the study being reported. No important aspects of the study have been omitted and any discrepancies from the study as planned have been explained.
Analytic code availability: Analytic code of this study is available upon request to the corresponding author.
Research material availability: Research Material of this study is available upon request to the corresponding author.
