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Article History

Received: 30 October 2025

Accepted: 20 July 2026

First Online: 22 July 2026

Declarations

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Ethics statement: All participant-related experiments conducted in this study strictly complied with national research ethics regulations. The complete experimental protocol, including participant recruitment, experimental task design, data collection, and data anonymization procedures, received formal approval from the Ethics Committee of Chongqing College of Humanities, Science and Technology. Before participation, all participants provided written informed consent after being fully informed of the study objectives, the scope of data usage, and the measures implemented to protect personal privacy. They also consented to the use of their composition behavior data and subjective evaluation results exclusively for academic research purposes. Throughout the experimental process, all physiological feedback data were collected using de-identification procedures to ensure the complete separation of participants’ personally identifiable information from the experimental data. Furthermore, participants retained the right to withdraw from the study at any stage without incurring any adverse consequences. All procedures were carried out in accordance with the applicable ethical guidelines and relevant regulations.