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Article History

Received: 17 April 2026

Accepted: 20 July 2026

First Online: 22 July 2026

Declarations

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Ethical approval: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Chongqing Mental Health Center (Approval No. 2025–054). Before administering the questionnaire, investigators first obtained oral consent from participants, and written informed consent was subsequently obtained through the questionnaire interface.For participants younger than 18 years, investigators first obtained informed consent from their parents or legal guardians, then explained the survey content and the principle of voluntary participation to the minors themselves, and conducted the survey only after obtaining their assent.