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Authors
Hassan, Mohamed Ayanle
Tarekegn, Getachew Yitayew
Nur, Wali Ahmed
Dagnew, Fisseha Nigussie
Ibrahim, Musse Ahmed
Awgichew, Tsion Gurju
Hussen, Mohamed Mahdi
Mohamud, Aidrose Ahmed
Bekahagn, Mulugeta Ashagrie
Sheikmusse, Kalid Fuad
Mohamed, Abdihalim Abdulahi
Omer, Abdirahman Muhummed
Sofe, Mahamud Mahamed
Alemu, Selamawit Muluken
Ayen, Addisu Assfaw
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Article History
Received: 8 January 2026
Accepted: 23 July 2026
First Online: 25 July 2026
Declarations
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Ethical considerations and consent of the participants: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Somali Regional State Health Bureau Ethical Review Committee (Approval number: 502/2025). Administrative permissions were also secured from the management of all participating hospitals before data collection. The study was conducted following the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant national research ethics guidelines.
