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Authors
Lv, Bing
Zheng, Qiang
Li, Xinxin
Tao, Tao
Wu, Jingjing
Shi, Yanting https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4423-0217
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shandong Provincial Medical and Health Science and Technology Program (202503031186)
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Article History
Received: 21 February 2026
Accepted: 23 July 2026
First Online: 26 July 2026
Declarations
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This diagnostic study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Boards of Zibo Central Hospital (Ethics approval No. 2023-072) and Zhangdian Maternal and Child Health Hospital (Ethics approval No. 202310006).
Generative AI in scientific writing: Generative AI tools were used solely to assist with language editing and to improve clarity and readability of the manuscript. The authors reviewed and critically revised all outputs to ensure accuracy, scientific integrity, and appropriate domain-specific terminology. The authors take full responsibility for the content of this manuscript.
