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Authors
Cen, Yuanyuan
Xuan, Yanyan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4670-1895
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Medical Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province (2025KY1377)
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Article History
Received: 28 February 2026
Accepted: 29 July 2026
First Online: 2 August 2026
Declarations
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The original study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Murakami Memorial Hospital. All participants enrolled in the original study provided written informed consent before their participation, in accordance with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. For the present study, which involves secondary analysis of de-identified data from the original research, additional ethical review and approval by the IRB were waived, as this type of analysis does not require further institutional oversight per the IRB’s established guidelines.
