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Authors
Qiu, Wei
Tu, Jiashan
Wang, Hong
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Article History
Received: 9 February 2026
Accepted: 30 July 2026
First Online: 6 August 2026
Declarations
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The CHARLS study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Peking University, and all participants signed the informed consent form. This study was conducted in compliance with the Helsinki Declaration.
