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Authors
Poursoleymani, Rooholla
Papathanail, Ioannis
Brigato, Lorenzo
Raitakari, Olli
Viikari, Jorma
Kähönen, Mika
Jokinen, Eero
Laitinen, Tomi P.
Tossavainen, Päivi
Mykkänen, Juha
Lehtimäki, Terho
Pahkala, Katja
Rovio, Suvi
Thomson, Russell
Magnussen, Costan G.
Segelov, Eva
Juonala, Markus
Saner, Christoph
Mougiakakou, Stavroula G.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Bern
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Article History
Received: 2 April 2026
Accepted: 3 August 2026
First Online: 7 August 2026
Declarations
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The Young Finns Study was approved by the 1st Ethical Committee of the Hospital District of Southwest Finland, the Regional Ethics Committee of the Expert Responsibility Area of Tampere University Hospital, the Helsinki University Hospital Ethical Committee of Medicine, the Research Ethics Committee of the Northern Savo Hospital District, and the Ethics Committee of the Northern Ostrobothnia Hospital District. The study protocol for each phase followed the World Health Organization’s study proposal and was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants; for participants under 18 years of age, consent was provided by a parent or legal guardian.
