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Authors
Mahmoud, Nashaat N.
Mekky, Alsayed E.
Saied, Ebrahim https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5622-7912
Alsenani, Faisal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7267-9636
Alsufyani, Hamed https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3623-9465
Alharbi, Adnan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4825-6596
Alfaifi, Mohammad Y.
Shatii, Ali A.
Seyiam, Islam Abdelhakim
Aufy, Mohammed https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6693-4530
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the University Higher Education Fund for funding this research work under Research Support Program for Central labs at King Khalid University (CL/CO/B/3)
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Article History
Received: 9 January 2026
Accepted: 3 August 2026
First Online: 10 August 2026
Declarations
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Institutional Review Board (Ethics Committee) of Alexandria University (approval number: AU13020920240176; 3 December 2024). Written informed consent was obtained from all human participants prior to sample collection. All samples were anonymized and used solely for in vitro experimental purposes.
