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Authors
Wang, Qi
Tong, Zhaowei
Gao, Qun
Zhang, Wei
Qin, Shenglan
Zhu, Jiawei
Bao, Zhengyi
Li, Xiaofeng
Qin, Kefeng https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9570-1425
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Huzhou Public Welfare Research Project (2024GZB10)
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Article History
Received: 27 April 2026
Accepted: 3 August 2026
First Online: 8 August 2026
Declarations
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Ethics approval: This study was approved by the Huzhou Central Hospital Ethics Committee (No. 2025-181-01). The ethics application was submitted on November 20, 2024, and approved on January 25, 2025. The sample collection was started on December 10, 2024, and stored at -80 °C. The sample analysis began on March 1, 2025. The cross-sectional surveillance component, which collected samples from December 2024 to July 2025, was conducted under this pending application status, with all protocols strictly adhering to the institutional guidelines for research involving human subjects during the interim period. Written informed consent was waived for de-identified surveillance samples per China’s 2021 HIV Surveillance Decree.
