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Authors
Lee, Jeung Han
Choi, Jang Won
Lee, Eun Sang
Chung, Hyun-Kyung
Park, Seong Won
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea ((KISTI) (No. K26L5M1C1),(KFE) (No. KFE-CN2503).)
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Article History
Received: 18 May 2026
Accepted: 4 August 2026
First Online: 11 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was officially determined to be exempt from full review by the Institutional Review Board of National Institutes for Bioethics Policy (IRB Exemptions No. P01-202605-01-036). Since this study is a secondary data analysis utilizing a fully de-identified and anonymous dataset, the requirement for informed consent was waived by the institutional review board.
