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Authors
Al Tawil, Arar
Edinat, Afaf
Chelloug, Samia Allaoua
Fathi, Hanaa
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers (PNURSP2026R239)
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Article History
Received: 19 March 2026
Accepted: 4 August 2026
First Online: 21 September 2026
Declarations
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Use of generative AI: The authors used Grammarly for grammar and spelling checking, and Google Gemini for enhancing the visual quality of schematic figures during the revision of this manuscript. All scientific content, experimental design, algorithm development, implementation, data analysis, and interpretation of results were performed entirely by the authors.
