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Authors
Gao, Qian
Yue, Chenying
Chen, Lin
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Article History
Received: 8 May 2026
Accepted: 6 August 2026
First Online: 8 August 2026
Declarations
Competing interests : The authors declare no competing interests.
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study abided by the Declarationof Helsinki and was reviewed and approved bythe Research Ethics Committee of ShandongProvincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong FirstMedical University (SWYX: no. 2022 − 276). All participants provided informed consent before completing the questionnaire, and data were collected anonymously to protect privacy.
