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Authors
Cui, Xinyu https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8420-1412
Li, Yanan
Guo, Yichen
He, Zhiyi
Liu, Junwei
Liu, Keyi
Wang, Wenna
Liu, Mingming
Wang, Shanshan
Wang, Aixia
Zhang, Chunhui
Lin, Beilei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6502-7402
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Zheng University Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students (2025120018)
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (72504258)
the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2023M743197)
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Article History
Received: 8 May 2026
Accepted: 10 August 2026
First Online: 31 August 2026
Declarations
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The CHARLS study was granted ethical approval by the Institutional Review Board of Peking University (approval number: IRB00001052-11015 for household survey and IRB00001052-11014 for blood sample), and all participants provided informed written consent.
Consent for publication: The publication of this manuscript has been authorized by all authors.
